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Copyright (c) 
1997 - 2007  by 
 G. David Ballentine 

  Glass 


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Goofus Collectors Forum 
   I
urge everyone who collects Goofus to sign up for the Goofus Collectors Forum.  Click below on the link to be taken to a sign-up page. We hope everyone will use the Forum actively and participate regularly.  I must apologize for the long lapse in postings as the Forum host was changed and I did not update this page in a timely manner reflecting that.  I promise more careful attention in the future.

   The Goofus Collectors Forum is a really good way to share experiences, share knowledge, learn, and meet fellow collectors.  The Goofus Forum is made up of only people like yourselves who enjoy collecting Goofus Glass. Upon registering, you will be afforded several options of reading Goofus Forum mail.  I strongly recommend the "DAILY DIGEST".  You will only see at most one mailing daily regardless of the volume of traffic. There is also available a "Chat" room service if several of you want to hold more instantaneous keyboard conversations.  I only ask that if any members wish to engage in lengthy back and forth communication with a specific individual, that they direct such personally directed comments via Email and only use the Forum for items of significant interests to the entire list of recipients.  Treat the forum as a "Calling Channel" and once you make contact, take it off to the side on a "Conversation Channel".  Other than that - Have at it.
 
                                                                      
IMPORTANT LINKS :








 



Who Made It ?


   Goofus glass was an exclusive, American,  phenomena. This is not to say that glass wasn't painted at times in Europe, etc. by anyone, but the massive production of cold painted pressed glass, or "decorated" as they called it, belonged exclusively to a few United States glass factories of the period.  Jewelry of all types being presented as "goofus" is a fraud.  People have been hand decorating jewelry all over the world with paint forever.  Painting of a hunk of glass does not make it a piece of goofus, anymore than putting a stripe on a rural road makes it a goofus road.  Nowadays one sees everything with any stain, dye, paint, cladding, etc. etc. represented as goofus and "It just 'am not' at all true"  := ) .  People are gullible though, and many sellers have no core values.  It is quite interesting that fine European porcelain was even imported
into the U.S. to be hand decorated and resold, but it too was never considered to be goofus glass. 

     Some have suggested that H.  Northwood originated Goofus Glass. It is alleged that he took out a patent on the process in 1903.  I cannot dispute that  Northwood (and Dugan both) certainly may have been quite productive in the Intaglio, Goofus decorated opalescent and the Sateena (green) product lines but I happen to feel The Indiana Glass Company at Dunkirk, Indiana will be proven to have been the greatest  producer of most of the "all-over-decorated" items we collectively refer to as Goofus glass today.  

     I was quite interested to read recently where there was an "Oriental Glass Company" which was a decorating firm.  Also a "Bohemian Art Glass Company" which may have been a small concern we hadn't ever heard of before (producer or decorator?).  I mention these as Butler Brothers ads show these names for Goofus lines.  Would this then indicate that the glass factories provided finished blanks and sold them to decorating houses who finally marketed them to Wholesalers such as Butler and others ??  Intriguing thought!!

    

Our present list of companies that are quoted as also having  manufactured it were: 

     H. Northwood (1897 - 1910?):  In Martins Ferry, OH; Indiana, 
     PA;  South Wheeling & Wheeling, WV and Bridgeport, OH.  

     Imperial Glass Co. , in Belleaire, Ohio
     McKee Glass Co., Jeanette, PA
     Coventry Glass Factory
     Clayton Glass Works in Clayton, New Jersey
     Clyde Glass Works
     Belleaire Glass Co. 
     Crescent Glass Company in Wellsburg, West Virginia
     La Belle Glassworks at
Bridgeport, OH (H. Northwood  
     worked here)
     Lancaster Glass Co. in Lancaster, Ohio
     Westmoreland Glass of Grapeville, PA
 
    Dugan Glass Co. of Indiana, PA 
     Jefferson Glass Co. of Steubenville, OH & Follansbee, W. Va.

     Gaynor Glass Co. of Salem, New Jersey
    
Indiana Glass Co. at Dunkirk, Indiana
     Riverside Glass Works at Wellsburg, West Virginia

    
(Major players in red type)

        

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Jars or Vases ?


1

 2

3

 GO FIGURE !

   These 3 pieces were featured for sale on the "Historic Glasshouse" website under the "Fruit Jars and Pickle Bottles" category and the asking price, without paint, is right up there with "Goofus" with its original paint.

   The "jars or vases" controversy rages on!  One article from an August 1972 issue of the "Bottle Trader Magazine"  goes into seemingly knowing detail to even describe how the jars were "sealed with sealing wax, then covered with a lead foil and the label was put on top". This certainly would explain why we cannot find any markings on the containers themselves.   The story goes that as turn of the century housewives mostly canned their own pickles, some special means had to be used to attract them into buying pickles, mustard, and relish  from the grocery stores.  Housewives are said to have secondarily used them for vases.  I don't find any reference to paint decoration on these.

  
We now know factually and have ample proof that at least one manufacturer,  Indiana Glass Company, at Dunkirk, Indiana, made quite a lot of actual decorated vases, never intended for use to contain condiments of any kind.  I know also that there have been unpainted jars used to pack condiments in that some manufacturer made -  Westmoreland for one - but that it is entirely incorrect to conclude that every vase shaped Goofus vessel we find today was used to pack pickles or any other condiment.  It is just a curious overlap and a close resemblance that is to blame.  Unpainted pressed glass was in production considerably before decorated pressed glass was apparently. 

(A "special thanks" by the way to  Shirlee MacDonald of Findlay, Ohio 
who sent me copies of the only articles pertaining to Goofus she has
seen since 1970.  Shirlee is the editor of the Findlay Antique Bottle
Club Newsletter. It is so helpful to get these articles)


                                                                                         

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The Indiana Glass Company at Dunkirk, Indiana
 



   
 From an Indiana Catalog (1921?) depicting decorated ware, and other notes I have been fortunate enough to obtain copies of, there is evidence that not only does it appear Indiana have made the brunt of decorated vases we prize today but also that distribution lasted longer than previously imagined.  Indiana re-issued a lot of its patterns, to the consternation of collectors, without any distinction  As you can see below, a mention of " added vases" in  1919.  Were they the first vases made by the company ?

    
Indiana was still advertising decorated vases well up into at least 1932.  Also, what are these "decorates" that Indiana allegedly added in 1933 ? Was it Goofus or something totally different.  Is it conceivable that Goofus products were still a profit item in 1933 ?  We are still looking for these important links.  Keep in mind also that Indiana were known to re-use a number of molds purchased from older companies that went out of business, as did a lot of other glass works.  This is just one of the many factors that make attribution of patterns such a devil of a task.  You might be able to say a particular factory made such and such a pattern, but you could never be certain which company and when that pattern originated at.

The Beatty - Brady Glass Company
  
1896 The Beatty and  Brady Glass Company was started in 1896 in the building built the previous year by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for the purpose of building and repairing railroad cars. This idea was abandoned and the property was sold to George Brady and James Beatty.  The Beatty and Brady Co. made glass lamps, glass chimney tops, vases and some domestic types of glass.

1899 -  In October 1899, the giant combine known as the National Glass Company of Pittsburgh, PA purchased the assets of the Beatty and Brady Co.   They sent Frank Merry to Dunkirk as Operational Mgr. The National Glass Co. was patterned after the United States Glass Co.  Nineteen companies pooled their interests and frequently their molds to form the National Glass Co.  Consequently, it is impossible to prove the exact factory in which they were made.

(Letterhead of the "Indiana Glass Works", Dunkirk, IN, manufacturers of Prescription Bottles, Joseph T. Day President.)

"The Indiana "Glass Works

1904 - Under the Indiana Glass Works name, it was closed.  It probably had been leased from the National Glass Combine since it had been elsewhere reported that National had leased ALL its active plants.

1906 -  (Obviously restarted) They added pressed glass lamp fonts, although old records noted: "add lamps";  but, blown lamps were first mentioned in 1916 records. 

The Indiana Glass "Company" begins

1907 -  During the depression of 1907, and subsequent bank failures,  the National Glass Co. failed and was placed in receivership.  Mr. Merry still continued to operate the plant.

(Curiously a letterhead appears as early as 11 October 1907 of the Indiana Glass Co. Dunkirk IN, manufacturers of Pressed and Blown Glassware, Frank W. Merry, Pres;  H. H. Phillips, Sec- Treas.)

1908 - It was sold to a group consisting of Frank Merry, President, Henry Batsch, Harold Phillips, Charles Smelley, Rathburn Fuller and James Merry Overleaf.  Mr. Merry was President until 1931.

1916 - First mention of blown as well as pressed glass - including blown lamps.

1917 - They added tableware, jellies, tumblers, goblets, lamps, stemware, bar goods, decorated tableware and novelties.

1919 -  They added vases.    

1921 -  They added soda fountain supplies.

1925 -  They added auto headlights and signal glass.

1931 -  In 1931 Mr. Charles Gaunt was elected President and remained so until 1956.

1933 -  They added more tableware, plain and solid colors; more tumblers; more lamps; more stemware; more soda fountain supplies; decorates (?); more vases; more novelties.   [Novelties might include a bon-bon, berry, tray, salad, handled olive , fruit dish, comport, card receiver, jelly, table dish, nappy, nut bowl, cake plate, hair receiver, scalloped dish, etc.]

In the 1920's and 30's they produced much industrial glass, primarily automobile headlight lenses.  Headlamp lenses were ultimately replaced by sealed beams at which time Indiana glass bought the assets of the Sneath Glass Co. of Hartford City,  Indiana, in order that they might make sealed beam lamps.  This operation failed and the plant closed.  

An operating company was hired to operate Indiana Glass Company when Mr. Gaunts's health failed. 

  George and Ada Morton, large stockholders, heard of financial reverses and took over the responsibility of active management of the company.

1954 - They added heat resisting glass

1955 -  They added "Hy-Temp" heat resist ware. A merger with Lancaster Lens CO. produced the Lancaster Glass Corp.  

1956 - Dr. R.K. Fox was elected president.

1958 -  Notes of uneasiness financially.  Furnace reduction, lay-offs of officers, some top offices unfilled.

1960 -  New money, president now R.K. Fox.  Lists include tableware, milk glass, crystal, plain and decorated tumblers, lamps, stemware, hotel, soda fountain and bar supplies, novelties and lens, private mould work of all kinds, promotional and industrial glassware of all kinds.

1961 - A merger was made to form the Lancaster Colony Corporation.

1963 -  First mention of Indiana Glass CO. being a subsidiary of the Lancaster Colonies Corporation.

1970 -  Production of Tiara started.

1971 -  Carnival glass was introduced (Contemporary).  The items were many and not made in limited editions.  Since the moulds were used to produce many types of glassware, it was not practical to affix a permanent trademark (They used paper tags. Claim was made these were never reproduced -- however -- Indiana, when it went out of existence,  had an unpopular reputation for frequent re-issues of its patterns without differentiation -- at least of other glass types.

1974 -  In their 4th year of production of (Contemporary) carnival glass, starting in 1971 with the iridescent blue, adding gold, followed by a glass referred to as "Sunset" which was a pretty amberina color, and iridescent green followed by their iridescent amethyst.  The present officers were James E. Hooffstetter, President and General Mgr. - and - Arthur L. Harshman, Asst. Mgr. 

[ I thank the Dunkirk (Indiana)  Public Library and particularly Mary Newsome, who has been so helpful.  This information was taken from a notebook belonging to Arthur Harshman.  To date we simply have not been able to find a proper historical accounting of this huge plant but will keep asking and hoping for something more complete]

THE BITTER END.  Here is a description of the final, ugly, ruin of the Indiana Glass
Factory by Lancaster Glass. 
Read HERE.

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What is a "whimsy" or "stunt" ?

 


   A
whimsy, earlier on called a "stunt" by glass workers, was a common molded shape given an unusual tweak or twist turning it into a unique shape while the glass was still hot.  In this case, we see a Paneled Oak bowl that has been smooshed down into a flattened bowl, with a gentle large ruffled edge, done likewise while hot.  I guess life at times in the hot factories must have gotten a bit boring and the lads became a bit frisky to make time pass.  Such pieces are unusual and deserve to fetch a higher price than normal shapes.
  

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Values What's This Stuff Worth?       

    
Quoting from Harry Rinker, a collectibles expert,  speaking of collectibles:

 "A lot of the price guides on the market are outright lies, especially the specialized ones.  Today, prices are 40 percent, 50 percent, even 60 percent less than what the guides are saying.  If you want to see what something is really worth, go on eBay, check some (completed) sales.  That's what your stuff is worth.".  

   From another unknown source: "Something is worth what ever someone is willing to pay at the time".  

(1.) (COX NEWS SERVICE - Sandra Eckstein,  as printed in the Orlando Sentinel Newspaper,  AUG 19,2002. "Collectible market goes into nose dive")

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Foreword - How it started out:
     

     Back in December 1997, while on my that year's annual Christmas vacation from Sprint,  my youngest daughter, Becky, was taking a college course associated with her Masters degree in Library Science / Public Information.  This course involved web page creation.  She had done one page for her class project on endangered Florida animals, and was showing me her page online.  We had previously been discussing how there were absolutely no Internet web sites on Goofus; how there had been only one little book in the entire public library,  now out of print, and very hard to find, and so forth - and then Becky said: "Dad, why don't YOU do a web page on Goofus? ( You are half smart ! ) - I'll help.  It sparked my interest, to learn how web pages are created if nothing else, and I have been at it since, for better or worse.  It is really fun to see something you created appear on the Worldwide Web for all to enjoy.  Becky proceeded to take an overseas internship in England for six months and I was forced to "go it alone" without her help.  That was probably the best thing for me as I had to throw away the crutches and learn to do things for myself.  I hope that you will enjoy the results.

 
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HISTORY

Why isn't the history of Goofus better known ?

 
    To date, I have been able to turn up only one skimpy reprint of  a catalog for Northwood, one for Dugan, and one for Indiana Glass.   Stop and think though that photographic processes and printing processes we so much take for granted today were non-existent and any paper catalog illustrations depended upon the graphic artists of that day to make rather crude hand-sketches.  This time consuming task must have been expensive even in those days of relatively low labor costs. If these hand sketches had to be then engraved in  reverse lead or wooden  plates by another artist, imagine the costs and time to make a catalog !!  No wonder glass was often just displayed about the country to potential wholesale buyers and or carried about by salesmen.  Keep in mind there were no "while you wait " corner print shops with scanners and copy machines that could have mashed out catalogs in a Saturday afternoon by the thousands in color, collated, stapled, bound, and boxed while old Harry took in a baseball game, and sipped his suds.  There just isn't any paper trail to follow.

    
The National Glass Company combined 19 smaller factories (1900 - 1904).  During this interval, moulds were shared, patterns copied, etc. and it is really hard to say just what was made where or by whom.  Moulds were frequently bought and sold, factories were sold and merged.  This is bad enough, but,  another equally plausible  answer might be that more than one old glass factory which manufactured Goofus glass burned to the ground with heavy losses of moulds and took with it all of the paper records which might have documented its production. I do know  Glass production that flourished for 40 years in Indiana, Pennsylvania may have had a significant part of its history perish that way.

FIRE

     
The Diamond Glass-Ware factory, which  burned to the ground on June 27,  1931 was the successor to The Dugan Glass Company, (effective in January 1913). The Dugan Glass Company had itself already suffered heavy fire losses in February of 1912.   Dugan was the successor to H. Northwood's first venture on his own in America, which later became known as  National Glass Company's Northwood Works(1).  H. Northwood was successor to the Indiana Glass Company of Indiana, PA (2).  Thus, I am only  conjecturing that if Diamond Glass Ware was possibly storing what was left of any significant historical archives in the factory parts that burned of the production logs, manifests, diaries, photos, etc. of any of its predecessors, (Indiana, National's Northwood Works, Dugan)   then, conceivably, a good deal of their old paper  records were very possibly rendered into ashes. 

     
Fire was also responsible for the demise of other earlier glass factories.  Consider they were mostly wooden structures and housed large gas fired furnaces.  The Riverside Glass Co. in Wellsburg, W. Virginia burned in 1886, but rebuilt.  Novelty Glass Co. in LaGrange, Ohio burned in 1893. The La Belle factory met that fate in  September1887.  Excelsior Glass Works (Buckeye Glass Co.) in Martins, Ferry, OH burned in 1894.  Model Flint Glass Co. in Albany, IN burned in 1902, The Indiana Tumbler and Goblet Factory burned to the ground on June 13, 1903. The Tarentum Glass Co. (formerly Richards & Hartley) in Tarentum, PA burned in 1918. I simply offer these disasters as an at least plausible theory explaining the almost total  vacuum we find while attempting to uncover any more than just a tiny sliver of our fine old collectible's obscure history. 

(1)  Not to be confused with H. Northwood's mostly successful  venture at Wheeling, West Virginia 1901-1925
(2)  Not to be confused with the Indiana Glass Co. at Dunkirk, Indiana.

 

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"The Old Book"


                                                                 


   
 As you no doubt are aware, the one book published on the subject simply  called "Goofus Glass" by Carolyn McKinley was last published by Collector Books way back in 1984.  This book is virtually impossible to find today.  We are lucky to have "scrounged" two copies. 

   We have learned that shortly after her "little red book" was published,  Mrs. McKinley, herself a cancer survivor,  lost her Mother, her oldest son, and her husband Mac within a few months of each other.  Few have had to endure tragic losses of this magnitude.  Fortunately,  she had another  son and a daughter and some grandchildren to fall back on.  I was delighted, in fact,  to receive an email from one of the grandchildren,  Tim McKinley, who now resides in Jacksonville, Florida.  His grandmother had no access to a computer and wanted him to check out our site.  Mrs. McKinley still resides in Deming, New Mexico.   

 
 The original booklet, 128 pages, 8-1/2" x 5-1/2 ", paper backed, originally sold for  a measly $9.95.  Some magazines cost nearly that today.  Lately, on Ebay, some have gone lately for as much as $60.  I believe Mrs. McKinley received only 50 cents per book for her efforts from the publisher.  This was a crime if true.  Naturally, when looking through the original book, many are going to take some of the names she assigned to pieces to task.  It is a natural tendency to want to name glass objects by our perception of what the pattern represents.  Glass mold artists weren't botanists.  Obviously, with more rigorous research, many of the pictured pieces have been identified from old literature, ads, catalogs otherwise.  Leon Travis (Charles Buddy Dodson in her book) himself is responsible for considerable research and later correctly giving the names of several of the pictured objects in his "Goofus Glass Gazette" quarterly newsletter.  This isn't a "smear" of Mrs. McKinley at all.  No reference work on any subject could survive "perfect" that long.  
  
  
I GREATLY respect and admire Mrs. McKinley and always say with a smile when asked:

     "She has produced one more book than me or anyone else on the subject" I wish she would do another.  She was, after all, the impetus that launched Goofus as a collectible glass.  David Ballentine

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"The New Book" 
   

     The "heir apparent" John Martin ( Marty Davis )  who resides in Dallas, Texas,  was rumored to be laboring, along with  Steve Gillespie,  over a NEW  book to replace Mrs. McKinley's for over five years now.  I first read about it in the GGG October 1994 issue.   As a matter of interest, Marty purchased Carolyn McKinley's collection and it was with Carolyn's  fondest hopes and her sincerest blessings that  he would write a new book which  she could not bring herself to do at the time,  faced with her own personal tragedies.   We sincerely wish Marty and his "gang"  the best of luck and cannot wait to see the labor of his efforts.  I will probably be in line to buy the book as soon as it is advertised.

     
A good many of us would, however, appreciate,  and not feel guilty in  expecting an honest update as to when they might hope to finish and "let it go".  It has been literally years since we were originally informed about the book with not even a "rumored" release announced.  I think all the Goofus collectors  should be told what is the status after all this time. They are, after all is said and done, who will be buying the book.  I also would hope that these fine people involved in its creation would not continue to exclude us from their confidence or to view us as competitors.  There will continue to be a marketplace for a printed book regardless of what we place on this website.   

 

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Surface Texture Study 


   Accumulating  a respectable library of texture samples will be a lengthy and  tedious task .  It is my fond hope that this effort is worthwhile as it  someday might  allow  backgrounds to become an important, recognized research tool.  Bear with us as this section grows and some relational observations become able to be more scientifically based. If anyone wishes to participate, do your pencil rubbings, scan the results and send samples to me by a small .jpg email attachment.

   
I have seen Goofus pattern names including  the word "crackle", "craquelle", "ice" but I assure you this was an unfortunate error which has created totally unnecessary confusion and  controversy.  Crackle is a process where  a molten blob of  glass is quenched in cold water which fills the glass internally with multiple cracks like an ice cube.   Then the piece is  quickly re-heated at high enough temperatures  to fuse the cracks, and molded or blown into the desired shape, thus leaving a pleasing internal pattern , highly prized.  More frequently as not also, the glass formula includes metallic formula ingredients that give it internal  color without having to be painted.  It wouldn't make sense to then cover this creation all over with cheap enamel paint.  Obviously, sellers attempting to increase the apparent value of their glass won't hesitate to aggrandize their descriptions now - would they ?  Of course, and I see it almost daily.  A surface molded texture is NOT crackle finish.
             


Basket weave Type 1

Basket weave Type 2

Stippled Type 1

Fishnet Type 1

Fishnet Type 2
 

   

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How Can You Help ?

 It can be done by EVERYONE sharing information unselfishly over the internet, sharing any and all resources -- primarily at this time when we are ALL desperate for any old paperwork, old manifests, logs, diaries, ads,  glass trade journals, etc.  that can help us identify who made the bulk of the precious old glassware we so admire.

I believe that the purpose of the Internet is to share unselfishly what we know with others hungry for that knowledge - and - not always for just a monetary reward.  I see future "books" in the form of a compact disc or perhaps the newer DVD.  The advantages are legion.  Imagine being able to combine a crack database into the storage medium so that for whatever you were attempting to find was only a few key clicks away.

Modern translations of the entire Bible have long since been placed onto computers so that any phrase or part of the old or new testament can instantly be brought up on the screen.  An entire encyclopedia can be placed on one compact disc and this is just the beginning.  

We know someone out there has to have at least parts of old Indiana or Dugan Glass catalogs, the 1906 Northwood Catalog. Maybe a stashed away  collection of Baltimore Bargain House ads, Lyon Brothers Wholesale ads, G. Sommers,  or Butler Brothers (Our Drummer) Ads or some early Dept Store catalogs? (Old Montgomery Ward Catalogs? ) How about early editions of "Glass and Pottery World", "China Glass and Lamps" ?

This could potentially  be an immense help to pin down information on when items were made? Who made them? What were they called at the time they were made ? If people really and truly  have an unselfish interest in American Glass making history,  what finer way is there to express it than to share all they know with others ?? 

I am constantly seeking digital images of pieces I don't have.  Shapes, colors that are different from those shown.  Any that you send, please take the picture from directly overhead against a black background and take time to make a well focused, well exposed image.  You can attach the image as a .jpg attachment to your email to me.  I can crop and size the image on this end, but it is a lot of work to eliminate hands, holders,  and busy backgrounds. 

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Origin of the Name  

Goofus "America's first carnival glass"

1.   Goofus was developed as an inexpensive  way of making colored glass,  to cold paint it and not fire the enamel in.  But when it was discovered that the paint chipped off easily , it was conceded that someone had "goofed" and purchasers commenced calling it "Goofus Glass"  (Thanks to: Angela Bowey of the Virtual Glass Museum in New Zealand.)

2.   Many of the patterns used in Goofus glass were originally made in either clear crystal or in just plain opalescent colors. Cold painting them came a little later. It was the collectors themselves, who, when they were first introduced to these new painted themes at that time, felt that the manufacturers were simply trying to "goof" them, or as they put it "Oh!, They are just trying to goof-us." This was a term they used instead of "fool us". 
( Thanks to: Bill Banks of "Classical Glass")

3.  Over a 20-year period it was displayed at carnivals along with Carnival Glass.  At first it was generally known as "Mexican Ware", possibly because of the gaudy colors or because of the predominance of red and green, the colors of the flag of Mexico.  The prize-winning customer had his choice of this or iridescent Carnival Glass.  Carnival Glass authority Rose Presznick's research indicates that when given the choice, the prize winner so often said, " I'll take a piece of that "goofy - looking glass, " that it acquired the name of Goofus. 

(Incidentally, Rose Presznick was allegedly working on what was to be the first book on Goofus but apparently never completed it before her death.  No one seems to know what might have happened to her reference material)

4.  A lady is said to have exclaimed at her sewing circle, "Anybody who would make glass with a paint that washes off must be goofus"


The above are  all equally plausible theories of how the name originated. If you have heard a different version,  please share it with all of us.  
 

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What Is NOT Goofus ?

A few examples: [All that glitters is NOT gold ]


 






 




 



 













                                                    
   There are so many auction pieces  today being misrepresented as Goofus, I have decided to include some images of some of the most prevalent and obvious I see almost daily on Ebay and Yahoo.   The various covered candy jars really irk me.  My daughter somehow began collecting a series of these, most likely a Jeanette Glass product of quite recent manufacture.  None  of these are remotely to be considered being Goofus. 

  
Goofus wasn't fired on but was a cold painted  decoration.  The one exception to this though is in the Northwood Intaglio where he had fired gold (gilded) rims on some of the pieces.  Just the rims were a bright fired on gold process.   Another grouping of items misrepresented as being Goofus are the various "stained" glass objects.  These most commonly are bright red, but I have seen blues, greens, ambers, yellows etc.   The thin staining can be scratched off as it is just a very thin coating.  You can see through these objects. These were clear glass objects made to look like the much more expensive ruby glass or to mimic Amberina with the red and yellow.  Real Amberina doesn't scratch off.  The color is within the glass formula.   You don't normally see through a Goofus enamel.  It is quite opaque.

   
Other objects have bright silver, sometimes referred to as "Mercury" -- but are most certainly NOT at all Mercury glass.  These are most often with red stained color.  They can be attractive, and they look like they weren't cheap pieces at all,  but they are not Goofus.  I think you could get 100 collectors in a room and take a poll and to a person they would say even silver paint  makes their "watch-out" light come on. I have seen silver painted Goofus but it is quite uncommon - on a par with the rare reds.   

    
There was some real artistry and hand decorating done in the old days.  You can frequently discern if  a piece is real Goofus by the simple fact that old gold paint oxidizes and turns quite dark - almost like the patina of copper in some pieces.  Older pieces frequently also had green oxides and / or sulphates that would form between the paint and the glass.  I have seen some oldies that were almost green from age -- looking like algae growing under the glass. The paint tends also to become quite dull, and soiled on the painted surfaces which have been exposed to oxygen in the air.
 

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Different objects:


  
  Vases, pickle jars, plates, bowls, wall-pockets, oil lamps, paper weights, powder boxes,  decanters, dresser trays, pin trays, compotes,  saucers, flower pots, card holders, relish dishes, tumblers, jelly bowls, nut dishes, coasters, picture frames, pin trays, jewel boxes, syrup pitchers, salt & pepper shakers, sugar shakers, water bottles, fairy lamps to name just a few.  Most pieces are only painted on one side.  The "base" glass could be clear or opalescent-clear or green, blue, amber, or even white milk glass.  It has also been seen in satin [acid-etched], and with a myriad of surface designs imparted by the molds they were cast in.  A future feature will be dedicated to background surface designs which could become an important clue in tracing attribution to a particular maker. 

     The obvious shortcoming, which no doubt signaled its end was the fact that un-fired paint did not "wear" well and readily chipped off with handling and daily use. Thus it is that the pieces most sought after are those which still manage to turn up in surprising numbers still  bearing most all of their original paint.   
                                                               

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Solarization

   
A piece that has lost all of its paint still has some allure. Impure silica sand, a common ingredient of glass contains considerable  trace amounts of iron, an impurity, and a strong greenish blue colorant, which if not removed will impart a pronounced greenish color to glass. Using manganese dioxide MnO2 [often referred to as the glass makers "soap" ] as a "decolorizer" (an oxidizer)  in the formula counteracts the iron by chemically changing it from its "reduced" state to an "oxidized" state. This produces a clearer glass.   The manganese itself, then goes into a "reduced" state.  This reduced manganese,  exposed over  years or decades to strong ultraviolet light will cause the glass to take on a pronounced amethyst blue coloration.  Many, in fact,  prize pairs of items  -- one with and one without paint, and particularly if it has "solarized".  Some call this "desert glass".  Anyone who has happened upon old bottles on remote  islands can attest to this as well.   Early glass perhaps had a higher dose of manganese dioxide to offset the impure sands used at the time so that is why they turned more readily.  Also newer oxidizers are probably more commonly used today.
 

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On Line Auctions:
 

   Electronic auctioning and buying is here to stay.  I view with my deepest  sadness what I see has already happened to the shops in America that we used to find nice things at.   My wife and I used to look forward every year to traveling out of state to North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Pennsylvania, etc.  in search of our various collectibles.  Now,  the items that we used to find in the galleries of the big malls are packed away in back rooms waiting on auctions to end on eBay and other electronic auctions.  It has been several years since we used to come back from a trip and spend an hour unwrapping our "finds" on the dining room table.  Most sellers tell you they are doing very, very well selling electronically.  Far better than they were doing out of their shops or at shows.  

   The "UP" side of it is that buyers can see more items on their PC monitor each day of their favorite collectible than ever in one mall or shop.  How often have you been able to look at over a hundred pieces of Goofus for sale in one place?  You can  sit at home and see merchandise from all over the USA and Canada.    True, you cannot hold the piece in your hand and check it under proper light,  but if the seller is honest, most have return policies that allow you to return the merchandise if you feel it wasn't represented fairly. like it or not, this is the future.  We will all just have to adapt because nothing is going to hold back the tide coming in, anymore than you standing on the beach and saying "STOP!" to the waves.   I miss the hunt though, and the thrill of finding something nice in an unexpected stop at a little store along the road.  It will never be the same. I can always hope that the yard sales continue.  They are the final frontier.
 







RESTORATION

 

     
                                     
                                
REPAINTING ...IS NOT RESTORING -- OR REPAIRING !!! DON'T

   
With  respect to  Carolyn McKinley, who  re-painted pieces pictured  in her book, it has only recently  been revealed that she reluctantly decided  to paint certain pieces for the photos which appeared in her book, as many had little or no paint of their own and that she really did not  like the idea of doing it.  For the rest of  you, who aren't trying to produce a book, and particularly if you plan on selling your glass someday,  I implore  you to please NOT re-paint. As Leon Travis put it so aptly, "don't expect a potential buyer to appreciate your artistry".  It may look better than it was, but it is FOREVER finished as an original antique. 

   Our philosophy on  "repairing" or "re-painting" or "re-touching" paint on Goofus simply is that it is one thing to "play" with a piece you are going to keep forever;  but if you do so to increase the apparent value of the piece for sale,  and conceal the fact you did it ,   you are in fact committing a  F R A U D  pure and simple.  It is basically a F O R G E R Y.   (And we don't want to get into defining what "Is" is.  := )  ).  People whose parents instilled core values into them don't do it.

   An honest person will state that the piece has been "repainted" up - front and price it accordingly less than a piece with all original paint - about one half its full value.  Also, if it is damaged, it should always be stated that it is "AS-IS" and have the damage indicated plainly to the buyer . We don't want to be lecturing anyone on the lack of  "core values" but obviously temptation is strong to "enhance" profit.  Ask yourself how much is a re-painted  or copied Rembrandt oil painting, done by "Big Al"  worth ?  Look at these "creations" below for a real laugh.  (Warning -- Viewer discretion is advised )

VARIOUS CRIMES AGAINST NATURE 
KIND OF LIKE OIL PAINTINGS DONE WITH
THE PAINT STRAIGHT OUT OF THE TUBE?


 
 

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PHOTO TIPS For Online Auctions

                                                                     

     
   A picture is worth a thousand words.  This picture was taken against an almost white rug which the camera's exposure meter "saw" and calculated the exposure for. If this person did nothing else but get in closer to the bowl, this could have been a much more satisfactory picture.  Using a flat black cloth on the floor and standing directly above the bowl would have worked nicely too.  Perhaps bringing over a desk lamp to help on the lighting?  You don't have to be a professional photographer to get excellent results.  

   One little cheap rig I use at times is a tripod that I have "modified" so the center post is mounted upside down.  I mount the camera beneath the tripod, and aim it straight down.  This rig can then be placed on top of  any floor surface.  I place a flat black cloth down first. Lighting is whatever I have at hand.  No fancy photofloods needed.  If I am really trying to be "perfect" which isn't often, I will "play" with the lighting to minimize reflections.  You could use clip-on adjustable bed lamps clipped right onto the legs of your tripod or onto the edge of a nearby table or desk.  Use what you have at hand -- you don't have to spend a fortune to get good results.  Watch your focus.  If the "auto" doesn't seem sharp, go manual and focus it by hand.  

  
Finally, if this is a digital photo, why not "play" with it a few minutes with your photo editing software.  It lets you crop it, brighten it, rotate it, size it -- etcetera so that the result is generally so much better than the raw photo that came straight out of your camera.  300 pixels height is a nice "general" size to use.  Huge pictures of the surrounding countryside or your entire living room behind your vase or bowl take a long time to load.  People with slow computers and low speed dial-up connections won't wait for enormous pictures to load.  I highly recommend Adobe Elements 4 as a great photo editor. 
 
                                                                

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Read On !!

  
   An important segment of Goofus decorated glass objects is called "Intaglio" and is known, and reasonably well documented  to have been made by two famous companies -- H. Northwood at Wheeling, West Virginia  and T. Dugan at Indiana, Pennsylvania.  these products were very profitable and were featured  predominantly in their ads and in glass journals for a number of years.  The Intaglio production is suspected to have flourished only for a short period, approximately 1905 - 1909 at both of these factories, soon to have been overtaken by  Carnival glass production.  It is made of pressed clear glass with a pattern below the surface of the glass in hollow relief. We feel that Intaglio is a premium subset of the hobby. A few of these have opalescent edges of various widths, others have fired gold colored edges. Some are quite thick as well. All we know about this subset of Goofus comes from books on Northwood and on Dugan -- not on Goofus.  We can only hope the authors one day will write on Goofus.  See the letter from Dr. James Measell on the Intaglio page.  Quite interesting

    
A second popular segment of Goofus decorated glass objects are made up of  Opalescent  pieces, about which, fortunately for us, a lot is now known through the efforts of various glass experts and authors.  We are relatively certain that both Dugan and Northwood's thriving glass works made many of these objects as well.  Collectors and book authors have long since named virtually all of these patterns for us.  We simply dub the existing name with the notation: "Goofus - decorated".  Their owners may never have thought about them being part of a Goofus glass collection as well.  This is a subset of the hobby.  All we know about this subset of Goofus comes from books written for collectors of Opalescent glass.  These objects are really NOT mainstream Goofus glass but because of the fact so many broadband collectors of anything with paint on it have included them within their collections, I cannot very well leave them out of my website.  Ditto Milk Glass with Goofus treatment.  I do NOT include Milk Glass into mainstream Goofus glass -- except the all-over-decorated objects - primarily certain vases which show up from time to time.  I am convinced that a lot of glass that didn't sell was wholesaled to decorators to be "gussied up" and re-merchandised.  I don't believe any maker would make milk glass to be all over painted.  It had to cost more to make milk glass than clear glass.

    
The challenge remaining are the all-over decorated bowls, plates, vases, jars, lamps that we know so very little about.  This is the "real frontier" for me.  This is where the barriers haven't fully yielded, the trail is cold, and history seems to have be obliterated.  Quite happily, it has been proven through examining old Indiana Glass catalog pictures that they made quite a few old lamps and decorated vases we treasure so highly.  We have pretty well ascribed  the green base glass pieces with goofus decoration to H. Northwood at Wheeling.  This is fairly well accepted as being their "Sateena" line.  This leaves a ton of pieces still to be identified which aren't Intaglio, aren't opalescent, aren't "Sateena".  There are 3 pages devoted to vases / jars and another 3 pages devoted to plates / bowls depicting this AOD (All-over-decorated) pieces.  Don't miss the Miscellaneous page either.

   
While some old wholesaler ads from the period of production have from time to time surfaced, most are useless in determining pattern origin or identification.  First of all, some  glass houses, during certain periods of their production, used numbers rather than pattern names.  A pattern might have only been referred to as #213 only. Collectors, and book authors much later may have designated names for certain of these numbered items, but these pieces weren't known at the time of manufacture by these collector names. Second, wholesalers through whom the factories distributed their glass were concerned that if prospective buyers could identify the producer, they would be inclined to deal directly with the factory rather than with the wholesaler -- an arrangement sure to be less expensive -- so they purposely withheld  the manufacturer's name in their ads.  This has really stymied and disappointed many a would-be investigator, myself included. Wholesale distributor ads frequently showed whole assortments under irrelevant  names such as "Egyptian Art Decorated" ,"Khedive", "Golden Oriental",  "Intaglio Art",  "Sateena", "Rock Crystal", "Bohemian Art",  They may have alluded to individual ingredients in these assortments as "grape", "cherry", etc. but these weren't suitable names in the real sense.  Ads aren't useless however by any means as generally, if one piece in an ad can be attributed to a particular manufacturer, it is a safe bet all the pieces are from the s

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The Goofus Family Tree
                                                            
     I am attempting to RE-establish a way to describe Goofus glass.  It may be in various stages of development over a period of time until I am fully satisfied  with it.  Bear with me and feel free to offer suggestions in the meanwhile.   Keep in mind that pressed glass was being made in one form or another since about 1825.  Where and when it became fashionable to cold paint the pressed glass made is still undiscovered.  We know of at least one example dated to 1887 which showed up just recently in the form of a Queen Victoria plate, celebrating the 50th anniversary of her coronation in 1837.  It is logical and provable that decorating glass wasn't always done at the factory producing the glass - nor was it always done "by original plan".  In other words, we feel that unsold glass by various manufacturers may have been decorated at times as an after market enhancement.  Such possibilities are endless roads to explore fully by the dedicated enthusiast.

   
Please note that many objects included into the hundreds of collections of Goofus glass aficionados no doubt have Goofus decoration without necessarily being considered to be classic, "mainline" Goofus glass.  Two very good examples of this come to mind -- Milk glass and Opalescent glass.  These two glass categories stand very well on their own.  Books have been written about each . If I were to attempt to say that either of these were Goofus glass, I think their champions would set me straight rather quickly.   I feel more correctly we should describe pieces in either camp as simply having had some Goofus treatment, or Goofus decoration.  I don't want to be seen as trying to "kidnap" somebody else's children and trying to rename them in order to fold them quietly into my family.  One exception that I will be so bold to make will be Intaglio pattern Goofus with an opalescent border.  I feel that this indeed was a Goofus design someone dressed up with a little Opalescent treatment rather than an Opalescent design someone dressed up with a little Goofus treatment.

     Intaglio even has been suggested to be a third variety not to really be mainline Goofus glass.  Intaglio,  however, rightly or wrongly,  seems to have started off life being described as Goofus glass by various authors, thus, I am going to leave well enough alone and say no more about it.  While it may not deserve its own book, it well deserves an entire chapter, as it is unique.

  
The brief run of Northwood's green base colored "Sateena" or "Khedive" with its gold goofus decoration on the back of the various plates and comports presents still another little category to puzzle over as to how it fits into things.  
                                   
            

 

 

 CODE

  
In the very first issue of the Goofus Glass Gazette (July 1994) Leon Travis, (Charles "Buddy" Dodson in McKinley's little red book) suggested the following terms to allow collectors some acronyms or abbreviations  to describe Goofus pattern differences.  I am most assuredly NOT trying to make claim to these as being my own inventions. I feel this was an excellent start:
                        

AOD  =  All over decorated     PD  =  Pattern (only) decorated
     IP  =  Intaglio pattern            EP  =  Embossed pattern


 

 

 

 

 



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